Romeo And Juliet A Story Of Love Or The Poorly...

Romeo and Juliet- A Story of Love or the Poorly Functioning Biological Properties of the Teenage Brain? Since it was written, Romeo and Juliet has been regarded as the arguably most famous love story of all time. Two star-crossed teen lovers are so drowned in their own world that they commit suicide in the hope of eternally being with each other in the afterlife. In reality, were the characters’ actions truly drawn from a sense of fervent love, or rather from hormonal triggers acting in unfavorable ways deep within the teenage brain? In a modern analogy, are teenagers’ brains functioning on the basis of specialized thought processes, or because of biological shortcomings? In reality, rash decisions made by teenagers mostly correlate with hormonal judgement because of skewed neurological development, although environmental influences can aggravate a teen’s emotions. Firstly, it is important to define what hormonal judgement is. Essentially, chemicals in the body produced during the time of puberty are making a teen think differently than their previous, younger self. Since the amount of hormones that are given to a teen are in an â€Å"adult dosage† to speed up the pace of maturation, teens are capable of completing mature tasks. The problem arises when the physical capability to behave maturely, without a brain to control actions properly, malfunctions in a way that often leads to situations that endanger a teen’s life. Fortunately, simply living is enough to gain the necessary

Utilization Of The Situational Approach - 1249 Words

Utilization of the situational approach to leadership gave him the ability to help his followers navigate difficult and intimidating encounters. â€Å"The premise of this theory is that different situations demand different kinds of leadership†. (Northouse 93) Permanently altering White perceptions enough to allow African Americans the rights necessary to be equal to them was no easy task. His followers needed to be given the confidence necessary to stand up for their rights at all times and against anyone oppressing them. Operating in a coaching style, he instructed his followers to fight for their rights by any means necessary when met with violence first and detailed the amount of force needed to change society at that time. He regarded his followers as having high competence. In his eyes, every African American man and woman had the full potential to effect change if only and they joined the movement to strengthen their voice. They in turn demonstrated their commitment to him and the cause by continuing to fight, even when faced with jail or death. According to the behavioral approach to leadership, Malcolm X was a 9,9 team management style of leader. The theory suggests that leaders essentially conduct task behaviors and relationship behaviors when influencing followers. The combination of a strong emphasis on tasks and interpersonal relationships produces team management style leaders. The â€Å"interdependence through a common stake in organization purpose leads toShow MoreRelatedThe Insurance Agency Implemented A Military Type Leadership Style1484 Words   |  6 Pagesrealistic results through the measurements of statistical analysis. In other words, pick up the phone and call all of these people and according to the statistics, x amount of sales will ensue. The problem with the aforementioned strategy is that the approach is demeaning and ultimately will never work in the long-run. People get bored and tired of completing the same task ove r and over and over again. These types of working environments contradict the type of aggressive growth strategy currently beingRead MoreThe Leadership Style of Successful Leaders1019 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction A successful leader constantly adjusts his or her leadership style to suit the prevailing circumstances. Hence the leadership style adopted at any given time should ideally be dependent on the situation. This is the gist of situational leadership. In this report, I highlight the dominant leadership style in BP, one of the worlds largest oil and gas companies. The Selected Leader and his Leadership Style According to Yahoo Finance (2012, n.p.), BP p.l.c. provides fuel for transportationRead MoreProject Plan For A Project Management Plan Essay1107 Words   |  5 Pagesprofessionally. This paper will provide guidance on managing the expectations of the stakeholders via project scope document. Telecommunication Project Plan Planning is the most important aspect of a project. If there is no proper planning and strategic approach taken then the project will be doomed from conception. This plan is a brief plan mainly focused on the essentials of the project planning. In order to describe an effective and efficient means to improve and implement the telecommunication capabilitiesRead MoreOrganization Description Of The Cloud Computing System1652 Words   |  7 Pagesfacilitating the process of selling and servicing to markets in a way like never before, ensuring success for the future (Baek, Kim Altmann, 2014). The strategic objectives of the firm can be summarized as follows- †¢ Optimization of the server utilization †¢ Determined to achieve Cost savings for cloud computing that is been catered to the clients and facilitating the transitioning of capital expenditures to that of the operational expenditures. †¢ It should focus on the dynamic scalability of informationRead MoreJean Watson Case Study1273 Words   |  6 Pageswill be based on the assessment of the patient’s body, mind, and spirit. Watson’s theory of Human Caring aims to guarantee a steady and synchronized healing between the body, mind, and spirit of the patient. Watson’s theory states that in a holistic approach to caring for a human, analysis the mind, body, and spirit, all of which reflect the whole of the being. Nursing care is based on nursing-specific theories that provide holistic care, including individual assessment, planning, observation, and intenseRead MoreLeadership And Organizational Development. †¢During Q2 A1031 Words   |  5 Pageseffort to help leaders create open communication and develop self-reliance in those they manage, six (6) sessions of the Situational Leadership II course were delivered to participants from the Delmarva North Carolina, and Delaware Complexes. Nine ty-eight (98) employees participated in this development opportunity. One of these session included the pilot of a blended learning approach for refresher training which allows individuals to accomplish the first day of training in a virtual self-paced formatRead MoreChanges And Changes Of Change Blindness Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesversions of the process but considerations are done depending on the level of approach. 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The incorporation of presence patrols just outside the area to restrict the flow of traffic and potential for possible targets to leave the area of interest. Utilization of biometrics would also be incorporated to ensure that other unknown targets aren’t slipping through the unsuspecting soldier set up checkpoints. The checkpoints are a deterrent for enemy operations, resupply, and escape. Prior to extraction

Authoritarian and Democratic Leadership Free Essays

AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP STYLE: What an authoritarian leader would do in this situation: Authoritarian leadership style is characterised by high power distance, â€Å"top-down† management, with a focus of power in top managers and executives. Further traits include high control, prescription, and authority. What an authoritarian leader would do depends on the level of power perceived. We will write a custom essay sample on Authoritarian and Democratic Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now On one extreme, the leader would make all decisions by himself or herself, and only assign the tasks to employees without allowing any questions or feedbacks. In this case, subordinates are merely onsidered as tools or pawns, without any real strategic functions. Another less extreme possibility is that the leader makes decision and try to convince his/her subordinates that it is in their best interest to accept them. In this case, the manager of the department would try to identify and analyze the problems by himself, then make decisions and try to enforce this on employees. This can be done by, for example, ordering that all employees sit in the same table during lunch, or cooperating more with each other. The merger also results in a considerable number of lay-offs, therefore some employees might still old bitter feelings about the change. However, the matters concerning employee morale is of less importance to the authoritarin leader, thus he or she would have low regard for it. Furthermore, the leader could even use lay-offs as a threat against any disloyalty in employees’ behaviors. 2. DEMOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE What a democratic leader would do in this situation: Democratic leadership, on the other extreme of the continuum, is characterised by low power distance, â€Å"bottomup† management, with power centred in lower levels of execution. Other traits include low control, more autonomy, ith more consulting and facilitating involved. What a democratic leader would do depends on the level of freedom involved. On one extreme, the leader would only define the issue or problems as well as the possible framework and leave it up to the team for deciding and implementing solutions. This could be reached by either a consensus or a majority vote. Another less extreme option would be that the leader makes decision after consulting and discussing openly with the group. In this case, managerial judgment is still required in order to evaluate the suita bility of the suggested solutions by subordinates. Thus, if the manager of the department is democratic, he or she would set up a meeting in which all employees from both merged companies are gathered. The leader then asks them to identify possible causes of the problems, and give them an opportunity to suggest solutions. The final solution would be decided by the leader or the majority vote. During the process of implementing solutions, the leader could leave it entirely to the team, with only a minimal amount of consulting and facilitating, after defining the restrictive parameters. Thus, the level of control is minimum. Furthermore, in this case employee morale actually plays an important role from the leader’s perspect. Thus, he or should would try to confront the possible negative effects caused by the lay-offs of some employees during the merger, in order to ensure that employees feel motivated, comfortable and united. 3. OTHER LEADERSHIP STYLE What would the third type of leader do? The third type of leader would be somewhere between the authoritarian and democratic continuum. His or her strategies and actions varies, depending on where he/she stands between these extremes. The advantage of this ombination is that the leader can maintain the balance between the involvement of employees and leaders – Sometimes reaching a democratic decision can be timeconsuming and not so effective, while a leader can make fast and efficient decisions without consulting the employees. On the other hand, involving employees in the decision- making process actually helps to gain more inputs and raise employee’s motivation. For example, the leader would try to make all decisions by himself or herself, but after defining the parameters, leave it to the team to define possible execution methods and ssigning tasks within them. In this case, the manager of the Customer Service Unit would set up a meeting and suggest a solution for the problems caused by low employee morale, then sit back and let the employees decide on how to implement the solution best. Or, at a higher authoritarian level, the manager would define the solutions and detailed exeucution, but after setting parameters (deadlines and performance standards), will maintain a low level of control or supervision, while letting the employees to have their own freedom to carry out the tasks. How to cite Authoritarian and Democratic Leadership, Essay examples

Importance of Corporate Governance in Accounting †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Importance of Corporate Governance in Accounting. Answer: Introduction Accounting is a profession that deals with the management and processing of transaction data related to a business organization. Profession is a term that refers to the job allocated to a particular individual based on his field of study and practical skills. For instance, technical support is a profession of software engineers who manage and support the technical aspects of a software based organization. Similarly, accounting is a profession of commerce students who are proficient in management and processing of various transaction data of a business organization. On the other hand, corporate governance is defined as a set of specific rules and guidelines that are application over all the employees of the organization. All the operations in the company must comply with corporate governance to maintain work ethics as well as a specific structure of organizational work hierarchy. Among the accountants, the auditors assume a basic part in financial detailing of open and private firms. On the off chance that organizations, financial establishments and people are to contribute and confer assets inside frontier countries, there must be trust in the accuracy of accounting data. Stakeholders involved inside the organizations in mainly the frontier markets depend on audit and accountancy reports to help with avoiding instability. It is the conviction of the researchers that the bookkeeping calling should play a lead part in making the measures expected to manage issues interesting to outskirts countries and to make the straightforwardness important to help partners assess hazard. The examination thoughts produced in this breaker early work on corporate governance with later research from an assortment of developing business sector researchers to build up a motivation for accounting and governance explore in the frontier markets. Background of the Issue and Justification One of the most important operations inside a business organization is accounting. The success of a business organization depends largely on the accuracy of the accounting done by the professional accountants appointed in the company. Hence, not only the accounting should be accurate but also there should be certain integrity and work ethics among the accountants working together in the organization in order to drive the organization towards success. An instance have used to describe the situation as follows. For a situation examine inside the Nigerian managing an account industry, Goretzki, Strauss and Weber (2013) found that accounting principles and the level of divulgence could change crosswise over African districts, with a few associations holding fast more to universal gauges than others. The part of the accounting calling is basic to corporate administration in outskirts markets. Given the significance of accountants in enhancing administration in organizations working in fro ntier showcases, an examination plan ought to help clear up the zones of sharp significance to both bookkeepers and strategists as project choices are made concerning market section/speculation systems. As per Clinton and White (2012), the accounting part turns into the essential wellspring of data to capital market members and different partners and the inability to create solid financial detailing frameworks could bring about budgetary calamity. Gill and Biger (2013) alluded to four noteworthy drivers of basic leadership in developing markets. These four drivers were: statistic patterns, innovative improvements, common assets, and political/legitimate unease. Rich research openings exist in investigating these components on a cross-country premise in order to consider the assortment of governance systems that exist in boondocks markets. These factors that exist in a nation's conventional procedures and frameworks, yet include an organization's outside condition, are rearing justification for significant difficulties and dangers in working together in the nations. With respect to governance dangers, Clinton and White (2012) concentrated on the way that the guidelines of both corporate governance and monetary announcing among even recorded organizations in wilderness markets could be uneven and temperamental. Organizations can't control the outside condition as changing societal states of mind, cataclysmic events, and politica l change will make hazards in these business sectors, and organizations must figure out how to adjust the commercial center open doors with these risks. Gill and Biger (2013) goes ahead to propose that it is this substantial distinction in the way of working together that makes the wilderness markets alluring as a major aspect of a more extensive speculation system for decreasing general dangers. As indicated by Goretzki, Strauss and Weber (2013), the costs identified with the redirection of benefits through (the specific absence of) direction is proportional to no less than a 33 percent expansion in assessment for the organization working together in the specific market. As the most risks in this frontier markets arise from the accounting issues, it is basic that the accused of the everyday administrative governance issues recognize and comprehend the elements that effect choices that shape the reactions rendered by different partners. These elements are: securities exchange trades , accounting principles and related segments of competency and quality and sovereign risks. Justification The corporate governance and accounting literary works need an enhanced concentrate on the "guidelines of the diversion" since it appears that the principles are institutionalized for accountants despite the fact that they are not effectively appropriate and implementable over all countries. Unmistakably accountants are the guardians and can be considered mindful legitimately for moves made by customers. The quest for each of the examination inquiries can conjure an extensive variety of research procedures from subjective strategies to review information to econometric displaying. There is much to be adapted, paying little mind to strategy. It is clear from this survey the accounting calling ought to play a lead governance part as outskirts markets turn out to be increasingly the area of decision for an extensive number of financial specialists. Corporate crumples and coming about false financial detailing in the mid 2000s prompted many changes and institutionalization in accounting proficient practice in created nations. However, one of the common and main corporate governance issues in developing markets is as yet that of various accounting guidelines crosswise over rising nations, with financial explanations unmistakably ailing in detail. Project Aims and Research Questions The main aim of this project is to analyse the importance of corporate governance in accounting. Accordingly, the research questions to be addressed are as follows. How much control does corporate governance have over accounting? What are the issues faced by accountants regarding corporate governance? What role does an accountant play in the assessing of sovereign risk? What risks do accountants face in highly corrupted business organizations? What are the roles of accountants in detection of fraud in a frontier market? Literature Review Fair esteem accounting, at the heart of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), is frequently referred to as hard to execute in lesser-created economies where an absence of dynamic markets makes it intense to acquire advertise costs in consistence with IFRS rules. Corporate crumples and coming about false financial detailing in the mid 2000s prompted many changes and institutionalization in accounting proficient practice in created nations. Tragically, the inability to create solid financial revealing foundations could bring about monetary calamity for developing economies and the individuals who have put resources into those economies (Hilb, 2012). The International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are an arrangement of worldwide accounting benchmarks created by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) for the readiness of open organization budgetary explanations. Clinton and White (2012) researched further about reviews that recommended that one of the pr imary things creating economies ought to do was rebuild accounting frameworks and support the appropriation of worldwide accounting guidelines since these worldwide frameworks and benchmarks would help construct trust in the global market economics. By 2014, around 120 countries required IFRS for household recorded organizations, albeit just around 75 percent of those 120 countries had completely adjusted with IFRS (Hoechle et al., 2012). In 2010, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission expressed that it trusted that a solitary arrangement of high quality all around acknowledged accounting benchmarks would profit U.S. speculators and it energized the joining of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) and IFRS (U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, 2010). As per GMI Ratings (2014), nevertheless, many difficulties exist in adequately executing the gauges in developing markets: Rules that started from develop markets where firms take part in a safe distance trades can test to exchange to business sectors that accentuate individual interpersonal organizations and government associations. The absence of accounting and lawful foundation and specialized ability of experts prepared on the tenets. Firms' proprietorship structures can be a noteworthy impact with state-possessed projects that direct related-party exchanges. When a lawful framework is not strong, selection of a standard by a neighborhood accounting administrative body is insufficient to guarantee consistence. As per Monterio (2014), "rising economies need all around created markets and this makes it hard to actualize the market based way to deal with the estimation of reasonable qualities, an idea that may include disputable means inside institutional settings that are astoundingly not quite the same as those that saw the rise of this thought." Paulsson (2012) proposed that washouts in the inability to incorporate developing business sector nations in a powerful accounting framework were: speculators, customers, multilateral offices (e.g., World Bank, International Monetary Fund), singular nations, and all who uphold corporate governance. Without viable in-nation accounting frameworks, outer corporate substances are compelled in their capacity to successfully judge potential providers, wholesalers or acquisitions. Given the differences of business sectors, examination of the usage of IFRS in frontier markets would be an important research range for universal accounting and open strategy i nvestigate. Accountant competency connects unmistakably to the basic result of monetary revealing quality. A critical part of financial announcing quality is that of review quality. Basically, a solid review framework gives the earth to astounding monetary detailing. Unluckily, poor exposure and budgetary haziness are normal qualities among organizations in developing markets. These qualities might be considerably more unavoidable inside frontier markets. Impression of value significantly affect both the productive distribution of capital and, at last, decrease in a company's organization costs. McCahery, Sautner and Starks (2016) recommended that interest in the Egyptian securities exchange would stay restricted the length of speculators were doubtful about the nature of distributed accounting data through organizations' financial reports. In their review on private firms, Also, quality reports serve data mediators (e.g., examiners) for engaging administrative activities. Therefore, it creates the impression that accounting data assumes a basic part in financial action for both traded on an open market and private firms in rising economies. Monterio (2014) gave observational proof to propose that financial announcing quality decidedly influenced project effectiveness and that this speculation proficiency expanded with bank financing versus impose boost monetary impetuses. However, there remains an absence of lucidity as to a full perspective of the issues and specifics of the developing markets with respect to corporate governance. Tragically, frontier markets are tormented with illiquidity, bringing about resources not being convertible rapidly and effortlessly to money. This illiquidity has been made by an absence of straightforwardness with respect to securities associated with losing esteem (i.e., low quality of budgetary announcing) and furthermore to the exchanging market setting (Mehta Joshi, 2016). A low level of liquidity is a key issue confronting frontier markets. Basically, liquidity guarantees the capacity of financial specialists to purchase and offer securities without hardly lifting a finger and is needy upon both goal, exogenous variables and additionally the endogenous powers of the market members. In 2011, FASB discharged Accounting Standards Codification Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820) that obliged organizations to unveil their projects' reasonable valuations in view of the level of hazard required with the honest esteem (Paulsson, 2012). In such manner, a traded on an open market organi zation in the United States is constantly appraised Level one and, in typical conditions, so are remote values. The exchanging settings for frontier markets, particularly the share trading system trades, are habitually broken; that is, the time between resulting exchanges can be half a month. Nevertheless, conditions inside frontier markets could possibly change that rating due to the occasional and low-volume exchanging. Along these lines, the accountant must perform facilitate methodology while deciding the danger of the honest estimation of frontier projects. As per Peters and Romi (2014), stock trades in Sri Lanka, Zimbabwe, or Morocco, for instance, may be open for one exchange a day and for potentially just a few days seven days in this manner restricting data about market cost and esteem. Basically, the low exchanging rate as for the inferquent and sporadic exchanging rehearses in wilderness markets is a noteworthy explanation for market wasteful aspects (Soh Martinov-Bennie , 2015). The main problem is the systemic hazard experienced by accountants in endeavoring to evaluate reasonable esteem and direct due perseverance for customers and resulting partners when that valuation relies on upon whether markets are dynamic or not. Financial markets in developing markets do not have the modernity and data trade underestimated in created economies. While researchers have left on endeavors to quantify liquidity in developing markets (Saggar Singh, 2017), the issue here in building up this exploration motivation is not simply the real measure. Numerous frontier markets fall encourage behind in monetary improvement. Researchers and world pioneers have since a long time ago recognized that political and lawful shakiness are signs of a rising economy. Accounting for these sovereign dangers has a colossal effect in the valuation approach taken by experts. Zeff, Radcliffe and Gunz (2014) offered bits of knowledge into how the valuation approach utilized by experts with respect to speculation extends in developing markets contrasted from the standard valuation approach. As indicated by the researchers, experts represent sovereign dangers verifiably by changing the speculation's required rate of return or the rebate rate; hypothetically, nevertheless, these dangers are project particular and ought to be represented in the estimation of the normal speculation money streams. Rating organizations, utilizing accounting information among different measures, consistently assess a nation's danger of default on its administration obligation. Moral risk is acquainted in the event that one comes up short with recognize the part of swelling (Salvioni, 2015). That is, a few nations may maintain a strategic distance from default basically by printing cash, in this way expanding swelling and making an alternate arrangement of financial troubles. This turns out to be especially dubious for reviewers, for instance, during the time spent examining an extensive financial administrations firm working together in a wilderness advertise. The debilitated worldwide economy has prompted boundless issues as to inescapable dangers and, in the meantime, expanded administrative movement. Cases flourish identified with sovereign dangers concerning political and legitimate unease. For instance, organizations working together in frontier markets confront dangers identified with government takeover (Crittenden and Crittenden, 2014) Research Methodology This research has been conducted based on the primary and secondary data collected from various literary sources. Primary data has been collected from several literary sources and original works of reputed researchers in this field of study. Moreover, an in-depth literature survey has been conducted in order to gather secondary data from different literature sources where different original works are accumulated and cited. The analysis of the secondary data gave a sufficient insight that was needed to address the research questions mentioned. Findings from Secondary Information Analysis As indicated by the researchers, experts represent sovereign dangers verifiably by changing the speculation's required rate of return or the rebate rate; hypothetically, nevertheless, these dangers are project particular and ought to be represented in the estimation of the normal speculation money streams. Rating organizations, utilizing accounting information among different measures, consistently assess a nation's danger of default on its administration obligation. Moral risk is acquainted in the event that one comes up short with recognize the part of swelling (Salvioni, 2015). That is, a few nations may maintain a strategic distance from default basically by printing cash, in this way expanding swelling and making an alternate arrangement of financial troubles. This turns out to be especially dubious for reviewers, for instance, during the time spent examining an extensive financial administrations firm working together in a wilderness advertise. The debilitated worldwide economy has prompted boundless issues as to inescapable dangers and, in the meantime, expanded administrative movement. Cases flourish identified with sovereign dangers concerning political and legitimate unease. For instance, organizations working together in frontier markets confront dangers identified with government takeover (Crittenden and Crittenden, 2014). Discussion of Findings The main problem in the subject of this research is the systemic risks experienced by accountants in endeavoring to evaluate reasonable esteem and direct due perseverance for customers and resulting stakeholders when that valuation relies on upon whether markets are dynamic or not (Akinteye, York Quat-Ullah, 2015). Financial markets in developing markets do not have the modernity and data trade underestimated in created economies. While researchers have left on extensive analytic research to quantify liquidity in developing markets (Alleyne, Weekes-Marshall Broome, 2014), the issue here in building up this exploration motivation is not simply the real measure. Numerous frontier markets fall encourage behind in monetary improvement. Researchers and world pioneers have since a long time ago recognized that political and lawful shakiness are signs of a rising economy (Crittenden and Crittenden, 2014). Accounting for these sovereign dangers has a colossal effect in the valuation approa ch taken by experts. Clinton and White (2012) offered bits of knowledge into how the valuation approach utilized by experts with respect to speculation extends in developing markets contrasted from the standard valuation approach. Conclusion As analyzed in this research project, each of the pointers assumes a noteworthy part as researchers better comprehend the esteem pertinence of accounting in frontier nations. One of the most important operations inside a business organization is accounting. The success of a business organization depends largely on the accuracy of the accounting done by the professional accountants appointed in the company. Hence, not only the accounting should be accurate but also there should be certain integrity and work ethics among the accountants working together in the organization in order to drive the organization towards success. An instance have used to describe the situation as follows. The corporate governance and accounting literary works need an enhanced concentrate on the "guidelines of the diversion" since it appears that the principles are institutionalized for accountants despite the fact that they are not effectively appropriate and implementable over all countries. Unmistakably ac countants are the guardians and can be considered mindful legitimately for moves made by customers. The quest for each of the examination inquiries can conjure an extensive variety of research procedures from subjective strategies to review information to econometric displaying. There is much to be adapted, paying little mind to strategy. It is clear from this survey the accounting calling ought to play a lead governance part as outskirts markets turn out to be increasingly the area of decision for an extensive number of financial specialists. In addition, the scientists perceive that the fundamental research inquiries are quite recently the tip of the chunk of ice as for the inquiries that should be sought after by researchers. "To guarantee feasible improvement in rising economies, it is basic that those in corporate governance surely know the elements that can influence an organization's capacity to settle on sound business choices in a turbulent situation." in the meantime, unm istakably much work should be improved comprehend exercises behind the governance needs. References Aebi, V., Sabato, G., Schmid, M. (2012). Risk management, corporate governance, and bank performance in the financial crisis.Journal of Banking Finance,36(12), 3213-3226. Akinteye, S. A., York, D. O., Quat-Ullah, H. (2015). Corporate Governance Mechanism: An Investigation of the Internal Audit Function Quality in Nigerian Listed Firms.International Journal of Business and Social Science,6(1). Alleyne, P., Weekes-Marshall, D., Broome, T. (2014). Accountants perceptions of corporate governance in public limited liability companies in an emerging economy: Evidence from Barbados.Meditari Accountancy Research,22(2), 186-210. ArAs, G. (2016).A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press. Bhasin, M. L. (2015). Corporate Governance and Forensic Accountants' Role: Global Regulatory Action Scenario. Byrne, M., Flood, B., Hassall, T., Joyce, J., Montao, J. L. A., Gonzlez, J. M. G., Tourna-Germanou, E. (2012, June). Motivations, expectations and preparedness for higher education: A study of accounting students in Ireland, the UK, Spain and Greece. InAccounting Forum(Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 134-144). Elsevier. Carmona, S., Ezzamel, M., Gutirrez, F. (2016). Accounting history research: traditional and new accounting history perspectives.De Computis-Revista Espaola de Historia de la Contabilidad,1(1), 24-53. Clinton, B. D., White, L. R. (2012). The Role of the Management Accountant: 2003-2012.Management Accounting Quarterly,14(1), 40. Crittenden, W. F., Crittenden II, C. A. (2014). The accounting professions role in corporate governance in frontier markets: A research agenda.Organizations and Markets in Emerging Economies, (2), 7-22. Gill, A. S., Biger, N. (2013). The impact of corporate governance on working capital management efficiency of American manufacturing firms.Managerial Finance,39(2), 116-132. Goretzki, L., Strauss, E., Weber, J. (2013). An institutional perspective on the changes in management accountants professional role.Management Accounting Research,24(1), 41-63. Hilb, M. (2012).New corporate governance: Successful board management tools. Springer Science Business Media. Hoechle, D., Schmid, M., Walter, I., Yermack, D. (2012). How much of the diversification discount can be explained by poor corporate governance?.Journal of Financial Economics,103(1), 41-60. Kathy Rao, K., Tilt, C. A., Lester, L. H. (2012). Corporate governance and environmental reporting: an Australian study.Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society,12(2), 143-163. McCahery, J. A., Sautner, Z., Starks, L. T. (2016). Behind the scenes: The corporate governance preferences of institutional investors.The Journal of Finance. Mehta, D. M., Joshi, K. (2016). Role of regulators in maintaining standards of Corporate Governance.International Journal of Research in Finance and Marketing,6(3), 34-39. Monterio, B. J. (2014). Integrated reporting and corporate disclosure.Strategic Finance,95(9), 54. Paulsson, G. (2012). The role of management accountants in new public management.Financial Accountability Management,28(4), 378-394. Peters, G. F., Romi, A. M. (2014). The association between sustainability governance characteristics and the assurance of corporate sustainability reports.Auditing: A Journal of Practice Theory,34(1), 163-198. Saggar, R., Singh, B. (2017). Corporate governance and risk reporting: Indian evidence.Managerial Auditing Journal,32(4/5). Salvioni, D. M. (2015). Market-Driven Management and Corporate Governance. Soh, D. S., Martinov-Bennie, N. (2015). Internal auditors perceptions of their role in environmental, social and governance assurance and consulting.Managerial Auditing Journal,30(1), 80-111. Williams, J. J., Seaman, A. E. (2014). Does More Corporate Governance Enhance Managerial Performance? CFO Perceptions And The Role Of Mindfulness.Journal of Applied Business Research,30(4), 989. Zeff, S. A., Radcliffe, V., Gunz, S. (2014). Accounting and Auditing Activities of the Ontario Securities Commission, 1960s to 2008 Part 3: The Fifth Chief Accountant, 19962008.Accounting Perspectives,13(4), 223-252.

Reflective essay on confidentiality free essay sample

The subject I intend to reflect upon is confidentiality within a professional healthcare setting. Confidentiality formed a part of our professional issues lectures and it piqued my interest due to how differently it is interpreted within healthcare as opposed to education, which is my background. In an educational setting I was taught repeatedly that I could never ensure confidentiality between myself and a child. Comparing that to what I have now learnt in healthcare, this seemed to me almost the opposite way of working as I was used to and so I wish to reflect upon this. I intend to look at why confidentiality is so important within healthcare and how it relates to the Nursing and Midwifery Council’s (NMC) Code. I will look at the strategies in place to protect the privacy of healthcare users, including the areas where confidentiality is even more important. I will also be looking at the various occasions that arise in which a confidentiality can be breached and who should be informed in these cases and finally I hope to look at a case study where confidentiality was breached and use that information to help guide me to make better choices in the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Reflective essay on confidentiality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jasper (2011) tells us that reflection is the ability to see ourselves both physically and metaphorically. She also states that reflection can be looking again at something or in a different way. Somerville and Keeling tell us that reflection is the study of our thoughts, actions and focusing on our interaction and environments with the intention of fully seeing ourselves (Nursing Times, 2004). Bulman Schutz (2008) talk of reflection as being a tool to review experience, so that it may be â€Å"described, analysed [and] evaluated† then used to influence future practice. Sully Dallas (2010) state that reflection is essential in the nurse’s development into sound and responsive professionals and they cite Benner (2001) who stated that nursing cannot expand or fully develop without the practice of reflection. According to Johns and Freshwater (2005), reflection is a skill that is used on a regular basis and in all sorts of situations, such as important events in our lives. There are various reflective cycles available to help with the reflective practice and Johns’ cycle discusses the relationship between practitioners and supervisors and makes reflection a joint exercise, looking at the actions and consequences, the feelings behind it, the personal ethics involved and the knowledge gained (Johns, 1995). Alternatively, Gibbs’ cycle takes a slightly different approach and is cyclic in nature, it takes a similar reflective outline but moves on to conclusions and then action plans to guide future practice (Oxford Brookes University, 2011). There are other cycles available including Driscoll’s â€Å"What? So What? Now What? † reflective model which can help in more general reflective situations (University of Nottingham, 2012). However, I will write this essay using a reflective style instead of referring to reflective cycles. I intend to use this exercise to inform and prepare me for my future career and to explore a subject that has had some bearing on my life and will be increasingly more important as I continue down this career path. Confidentiality is an important aspect of healthcare including the entire spectrum of healthcare workers and settings. It is enshrined in the World Medical Association’s Declaration of Geneva (WMA, 2012) and the Hippocratic Oath (National Library of Medicine, 2012) as being a central part to our role as healthcare professionals since before healthcare became so structured. The reasons for keeping a confidence in the healthcare setting are summarised by Lockwood in that the information belongs to the patient who is giving it to the doctor and therefore the doctor has a responsibility to not misuse such information (2005). Lockwood also talks of the trust between a doctor and patient which would certainly break down should confidentiality be breached. Thompson, Melia Boyd (2000) tell me that the information a patient gives about themselves not only gives the healthcare professional power to help them but also gives them power over them. In this case, it is vital that healthcare professionals use information that is given to them wisely and with the utmost care. Seeing information about a healthcare user in such terms makes me realise that some information is not necessarily in the public domain and therefore I have a privilege and responsibility to not only care for the patient but also for the knowledge about them that I am privy to. I realise that, although I have a duty to retain confidentiality, I may be placed in a position where the confidence has to also include other healthcare professionals and I need to involve the patient in such a situation (ibid). It is also just as important to keep a confidentiality because of data protection legislation which enforces the rights of the individual to have their personal information prot ected (Legislation. gov. uk, 1998). So legally, healthcare professionals have a duty to protect the healthcare user’s personal information, at least to the  legal minimum, or face proceedings. On top of this though, there is a further responsibility placed on the healthcare professional to respect the right of the user to their private life and beliefs. This is outlined by the NMC’s Code (2012) which reiterates the Data Protection Act, 1998 and further clarifies the lengths that healthcare professionals should go to ensure the healthcare user’s confidentiality and privacy is protected. In my previous experience in education, guidelines to teacher-pupil relations involved not just teachers but all professionals in contact with pupils. From this I would understand that when an article states doctor-patient relations it would include all healthcare professionals’ not just doctors. I agree with Cornock in that a patient gives information to healthcare professionals in the hope that it can be used to assist in treatment (2009). If this confidentiality is breached, the patient may not feel comfortable to reveal all information for fear of it becoming more generally known. I personally believe that this can lead to less effective healthcare treatment and even a fear of receiving any treatment at all in cases of injury or disease that may be more of a societal taboo. The NMC Code (2008) states that healthcare professionals must â€Å"respect the patient’s right to confidentiality† and to discuss with the patient when any of their personal information will be passed to another member of the team; this is a much more formal and professional approach to dealing with information than I have experienced in the past and the onus is on me to ensure that I make the healthcare user fully aware of the ways in which their information will be utilised. This involves an aspect of communication in gaining a user’s trust and giving them the environment in which they feel they can be listened to and that their opinion will be valued. By doing this I am building a trust and confidence relationship with the patient. Once I have gained the trust of the patient and now have this information which can be used to better their quality of life, I need to be aware of the strategies in place to protect this information from the public domain. The NMC Code sets out guidelines for the nurse to ensure that information is protected. It requires the nurse to not discuss any information about the patient outside of the clinical setting, to not discuss patient’s cases in public places where it can be overheard and to not leave records unattended where they could be read by unauthorised people (ibid). These also encompass the use of internet social networking sites among others; I think that a â€Å"public place† also includes an area of the internet which can be read by people not connected with the healthcare setting. These three principles will help to ensure that any information the nurse gathers will not inadvertently travel to sources outside of the care of the patient. The Caldecott Report was a report carried out by the Department of Health about the use of patient information in the NHS with regards to confidentiality, especially in light of the increasing use of information technology. The report identified strategies that should be in place in healthcare settings to protect information (DoH, 1997). These included using the NHS number as an identifier instead of the patient’s name, using the least amount of identifiable information, educating healthcare professionals on the responsibility of holding such information, etc. A lot of the recommendations in the report are about ensuring the patient’s identification is kept separate from the details about their healthcare or keeping identifiable information to a minimum in case of inadvertent transfer. The protection of the patient’s privacy is paramount and the report sets out to help healthcare professionals ensure they maintain this privacy. Healthcare professionals have a duty to record data relevant to the patient for various reasons such as justifying decisions made, helping keep continuity of care consistent, to document delivery of care, etc. These records however need to be handled with exceptional care to ensure that they are not a source of leaking information. For this reason the NMC have strict guidelines as to how the records should be made and kept. The records need to be legible and signed and dated and held in accordance with the NMC guidelines and individual Trust’s instructions (NMC, 2009). There are areas though that confidentiality is considered a lot more important due to the nature of the health problems. My mother worked in sexual health for years and she emphasised the necessity of complete confidentiality in that area due to the â€Å"unseen† aspect of the health problems. It fascinated me as to how serious the implications of breaching a confidentiality could be in these situations, especially with public perceptions of certain sexually transmitted infections. A study done by Richard Ma on sexual health clinic users found that confidentiality within the sexual health clinics was the single most important quality to the user (Ma, 2007). He claims that this is  a consistent finding in previous studies done on sexual health and goes to support the idea that sexual health is an area that requires more attention to confidentiality between users and practitioners. The Department of Health have issued documents with regards to confidentiality and have specifically singled out sexually transmitted infections as needing to be treated with even more care with regards to the identity of the patient (DoH, 2006). There are cases however, when confidentiality needs to be breached, even in the case of sexual health. From my own experience and background in education and youth work, I understand the need to divulge information especially with regards to child abuse. It is the primary reason that confidentiality was not assured with the young people I worked with. From the NMC’s Code, I learn that it is similar within nursing practice. There is a clause under the confidentiality section which instructs nurses and midwives to disclose information when someone may be at the risk of harm, as long as it is in agreement with the law of the land (2008, op cit). Although this instruction can be applied more broadly than I previously used it, as it would include all adults, not just young people. Even broader than the scenario of child abuse however, is the issue of illness affecting judgement and therefore putting people at risk, such as the case of politician Mo Mowlam. Castledine talks about how Mowlam’s brain tumour affected her judgement and personality and how the doctor’s hand were tied as Mowlam refused to divulge that she had such a life threatening and personality changing illness when she entered into the Good Friday peace talks with Northern Ireland (Castledine, 2010). The issue Castledine raises is that thousands of lives could have been at risk if the Good Friday peace talks were not successful and it would not have been sensible to allow someone to be involved who could potentially harm those talks. In this case, the doctor did not divulge but I wonder, as a healthcare professional, how easy it would be to interpret the NMC rules and how thin the line between breaking the code, and therefore the law, and supporting it would be. From reading up on the subject, the boundaries do not seem to be clear and Betty Lynch confirms this in her guidelines to breaching confidentiality (Lynch, 2006). She states that it is not always easy to know when to breach confidentiality and so she directs the reader to five questions that would aid in whether breaching the confidentiality would also be breaking the law. These questions include whether to gain consent, the reasons behind disclosing, what is to be disclosed, who will be receiving the information and are they duty bound to keep it confidential, and finally whether disclosing the confidential information is a proportionate response to protect the patient or others. Lynch is dealing mainly with the sharing of information between agencies, but the guidelines can be used in dealing with situations as a healthcare professional to ensure that when confidentiality is breached, it is being breached legally and in line with the NMC Code. In some situations however, the consent of the patient cannot be given. Such cases are usually to do with a consideration of public safety and taking into account the broader ramifications of the information and whether it concerns more than just the patient (2012, op cit). There are also laws dictating what has to be disclosed and it is usually with regards to the Road Traffic Act, terrorism and public health issues. As a healthcare professional, I have no choice whether I disclose a confidentiality related to such issues but there are some cases where it is not so clear. Take the controversy caused by Margaret Haywood, the nurse who tried to report failing standards through the proper channels and in the end resorted to filming the practices of fellow healthcare professionals in a care home. The NMC struck her off the register for breaching patient confidentiality (Nursing Times, 2009) because they claimed that she had failed to get the consent of the patients that she was filming. However, there was support for Haywood’s actions as it highlighted the substandard care of the elderly. Higginson (2009) writes that exposing the mistreatment of the elderly is more important than being confidential. It is support like this and others that has helped to reinstate Haywood into nursing. However it does concern me that should I be working in a place where patients were being harmed or neglected I would be unable to help because of the fear of breaching confidentiality and the backlash against me. Confidentiality is a delicate subject and seems incredibly difficult to manoeuvre around to ensure that, as a healthcare professional, I do not unnecessarily breach a confidence and yet, I also divulge the correct information to the correct people. However, I can fully understand the need of the laws and NMC to insist upon almost absolute confidence. Reading about the case of â€Å"Janet†, the nurse who divulged information about a patient A in an unsatisfactory manner to the family and made unfounded remarks to A’s friends about her condition, I realise how damaging and hurtful breaching a confidence is and could have contributed to the rapid decline of the patient’s health (British Journal of Nursing, 2005). This just emphasises once again, how much power I hold over a healthcare user and how much responsibility comes with that. Moving from an education background into a healthcare future is revealing some similarities and a lot of differences as to how things are done. The issue of confidentiality piqued my interest as it seemed so different in the two settings and yet, I had expected it to be a lot more similar. I think that I laboured under the false assumption that confidentiality was only assured between doctor and patient and in sensitive subjects such as sexual health. I did not expect that confidentiality would be so important for the nurse or healthcare assistant in dealing with simple and routine procedures. I have discovered that confidentiality is of the utmost importance throughout healthcare and is given the strictest guidelines in various healthcare codes of conduct. I have learnt that there are stringent practices to ensure that confidentiality is not breached and that data is completely protected. Looking into the various laws and acts regarding protection of privacy reaffirms its value and importance with healthcare users as well as healthcare authorities. I have never worked in a healthcare setting and so learning the strategies that protect patient confidentiality is an important learning curve for me. I need to ensure that I hold the NMC guidelines foremost in my mind as I work with healthcare users and make certain that I adhere to the rules set out by the hospitals or care homes I am working in. When I first started working in education I had to make a point of familiarising myself with procedures and rules within my place of work and I need to take this forward and continue the same practice in the placements and work places I will find myself in. This means talking to the supervisor or manager with regards to their policies on confidentiality and following those rules alongside the NMC’s Code rules. I also must ensure that I learn to judge when confidentialities must be breached and remember to include the patient as much as possible with the decisions I make regarding this. I intend to look further into this subject and make it one of my highest priorities to get this part of my studies and future work as a nurse right so as to keep faith with healthcare users and provide them with the best healthcare experience I possibly can.

3 Essential Steps to Landing a Seasonal Job

3 Essential Steps to Landing a Seasonal Job 1.  Target the Right EmployersYou can start by targeting large, nationwide retailers- Macy’s, Kohls, Walmart, and shipping companies like UPS or FedEx are expected to hire on thousands of extra hands this year.  But  don’t confine your search to the major retailers. Play to your strengths and apply to specialty groceries, caterers, household shops or nearby stores whose products you know well. Enjoying what you’re selling can partially make up for even the longest double shift! There’s some promising news this year: temp job hourly rates at e-commerce companies (anything that delivers, from Best Buy to Amazon) will likely leap from the $9-$11 2014 average up to $15 or more, which is good news for the underemployed.2. Develop Your Technical SkillsAs you start filling out applications and creating a perfect retail resume, brush up on your technical skills- bracing for massive holiday crowds, many companies equip retail employees with iPads or other rem ote tech support devices to meet the needs of customers who mix their in-person and online shopping habits. You don’t want to seem confused if they put a tablet in your hand instead of the usual POS software. Emphasize any customer service experience, as well as organizational or administrative background you’ve had.3. Practice for Your InterviewIf you make it through the initial application process, be ready to wow in your interview. Read articles on different blogs about various interviewing techniques. Remember, employers prioritize reliability (including punctuality- so be early and be prepared), enthusiasm, and a great working attitude. Be flexible about scheduling, willing to take off-hours and pick up extra shifts, and be the best team player you know how to be. Even if they can’t retain you through the regular season, they’ll remember you next fall and you may luck into a recurring seasonal position.Good luck and happy holiday hiring season!

An overview and history of rape laws in the UK

An overview and history of rape laws in the UK Disclaimer: This work has been submitted by a student. This is not an example of the work produced by our Law Essay Writing Service . You can view samples of our professional work here . Rape in UK courts and law The Rape Crisis Federation (hereinafter RCF) was founded in 1996 as a national co-ordinating body for the rape crisis association in England and Wales. The strategic intentions of the establishment had been to secure a voice for the sixty three self-regulating, locally based rape crisis groups that represented its membership; to lobby and campaign for amendments in legislation on sexual violence and to acquire statutory funding for rape crisis centres. [1] RCF was a powerful and vociferous campaigner for female survivors of sexual violence and for the services that are to present support for such women. It effectively petitioned on a considerable amount of legislative and policy related matters, for example, the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 and most recently the Sexual Offences Act 2003. It was not however triumphant in protecting statutory, central funding for rape crisis services in spite of campaigning to bring England and Wales in lin e with other European countries. It frequently lobbied the Government on ensuring that the rights of women in England and Wales were corresponding to those women elsewhere in Europe but with no advantage. In November 2003, RCF was closed due to a lack of funding. The closure of the establishment was by no means owing to a lack of requirement for such a body. Indeed, there were 5,759 reports of rape in 1996 and by 2003 there were reports of over 9,000. [2] The conviction rate for rape is approximately 5.8%; revealing the worst intensity in the whole of Europe. [3] Nevertheless, RCF has presented the Government, the Police, the CPS and several other associations with knowledge on the subject of sexual violence. It has performed on a global level, working with groups, both in Europe and internationally, to force the concern of sexual violence securely onto the political and public agenda. [4] The concerns relating to sexual violence are remaining and the rape crisis movement will, i t is submitted, deeply miss the dexterity of a national organization. For this reason, the support of victims of rape has been severely tarnished by the Federation’s closure. The lack of support of rape victims is emphasised by the special rules of evidence and procedure for rape trials. These provisions have caused considerable controversy and reflect further the lack of support offered to victims of rape. The ensuing discussion shows that this lack of support is symbolic in the current law of rape. Until 1994, a mandatory corroboration declaration had to be specified at a rape trial. It intended that the judges constantly had to advise the jury that it was injudicious to convict on the woman’s evidence alone. That did not indicate that there could be no conviction without evidence corroborating what the woman alleged, although evidently juries may place great significance on what the judge had to disclose, and the caution could have presented uncertainties where non e would have existed without it. The caution seemed to mean that women were liars, and prone to claim rape where none had taken place. In 1991 the Law Commission suggested that the corroboration decree should be eliminated and the Royal Commission on Criminal Justice in 1993 agreed. Owing to these recommendations, and prevalent disapproval of the caution, ss. 32 and 33 of the Criminal Justice and Public Order Act 1994 eradicated the mandatory corroboration declaration. On the other hand, this does not straightforwardly resolve the predicament. Even though it is not at present mandatory to issue the caution, judges may still supply it where they deem it to be crucial and, given the assertions which some of our judges have declared on rape, it is dubious whether this responsibility is reliable at their discretion. [5]